\u201c\u2026b\u1edd s\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, r\u1ea1ch r\u1ed9ng 6 t\u1ea7m, s\u00e2u 2 t\u1ea7m, ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn.\u201d (tr.332)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng 3 ch\u1eef \u201cr\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t\u201d, nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u201c\u79c3\u8844\u701d\u201d (t\u1edd 78a). Trong \u0111\u00f3, theo c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng: – \u79c3 c\u00f3 \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u1ed1c, th\u1ed1c, \u00e2m N\u00f4m l\u00e0 ng\u1ed1c, th\u1ed1c, th\u00f3c, tr\u1ecdc; – \u8844 c\u00f3 \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ee5c; \u00e2m N\u00f4m l\u00e0 n\u1ed1c, n\u1ee5c[1]; – \u701d c\u00f3 \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch; \u00e2m N\u00f4m l\u00e0 l\u1ea1ch, l\u1ecbch, r\u00e1ch, r\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, 3 ch\u1eef \u201c\u79c3\u8844\u701d\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c r\u1ea1ch\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb t\u00ean x\u01b0a l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t (xin xem th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec s\u00e1ch Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n xong v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ean r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ec5 l\u1eafm l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1806.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1836, r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f2a Trung \u76db\u548c\u4e2d, t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Xuy\u00ean, ph\u1ee7 Tuy Bi\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh An Giang. Trong \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh H\u00f2a Trung l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1836 do th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u1ea4n \u8303\u6587\u5370 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch m\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n Kho\u1ebb \u9ec3\u6587[\u725c\u594e] \u0111\u1ed3ng khai b\u1ea9m c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cB\u1ed5n th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0 H\u1eefu Ng\u1ea1n, Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0 T\u1ea3 Ng\u1ea1n, Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2u H\u1ea1 cai tam x\u1ee9\u201d \u672c\u6751\u5730\u5206\u79bf\u5c71\u6cb1\u53f3\u5cb8\u79bf\u5c71\u6cb1\u5de6\u5cb8\u6cf0\u76db\u6d32\u4e0b\u8a72\u53c1\u8655.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed5n th\u00f4n g\u1ed3m 3 x\u1ee9: x\u1ee9 B\u1edd ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n, x\u1ee9 B\u1edd tr\u00e1i r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 c\u00f9 lao Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con r\u1ea1ch nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t (\u201c\u0111\u00e0\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng nh\u00e1nh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea1ch), v\u00e0 con r\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa 2 x\u1ee9: x\u1ee9 B\u1edd ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 B\u1edd tr\u00e1i r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ed (An Giang t\u1ec9nh) c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed quan tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c) ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u201c\u79c3\u8844\u6cb1\u201d (Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e0). C\u0169ng theo s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng H\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 3 \u201cch\u00e2u\u201d (c\u00f9 lao\/ c\u1ed3n): Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u79c3\u8844\u6d32 (c\u00f9 lao Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c) L\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u \u9dfa\u6d32 (c\u1ed3n C\u00f2), Sa ch\u00e2u \u6c99\u6d32 (c\u00f9 lao C\u00e1t)[2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u (c\u00f9 lao Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2u \u6cf0\u76db\u6d32 (c\u00f9 lao Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh). Theo \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u00f4n Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn \u6cf0\u9806[3] v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung \u76db\u548c\u4e2d l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1836, c\u00f9 lao n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 2 x\u1ee9: t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f5m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i ngang v\u00e0m r\u1ea1ch Tr\u00e0 U\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u6cf0\u76db\u6d32\u4e0a thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Th\u1edbi Thanh Ch\u1eadu H\u1ea1 \u6cf0\u76db\u6d32\u4e0b thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Sa ch\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng \u65b0\u797f\u6771. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung b\u1ecb chia th\u00e0nh 2 th\u00f4n: Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec. Do s\u1ef1 chia t\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2u H\u1ea1 v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t m\u1edbi l\u1eadp. N\u0103m 1876, l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y (theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 20\/9\/1876). Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1920, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 2 th\u00f4n Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9 lao Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y (theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 13\/12\/1919). T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\/1989 hai x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c[4]. N\u0103m 2009, x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c. Do x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c. Do s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 do c\u00f9 lao C\u00e1t (Sa ch\u00e2u) v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n\/ l\u00e0ng\/ x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00f9 lao T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c (theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y nay) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f9 lao C\u00e1t. Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00f9 lao T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c g\u1ed3m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2 c\u00f9 lao ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 (1) c\u00f9 lao C\u00e1t (Sa ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 (2) c\u00f9 lao Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c (Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f9 lao Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh (Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2u).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u00ean th\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ea1 t\u1ec9nh An Giang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 17 (1836). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Xuy\u00ean, ph\u1ee7 Tuy Bi\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh An Giang. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1852, \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t c\u0169 tr\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1eefu v\u00e0m Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng ra s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu. Th\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ban \u201cS\u1eafc B\u1ed5n C\u1ea3nh Th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng\u201d ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 5 (nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y 08\/01\/1853). Tr\u00ean s\u1eafc ghi t\u00ean th\u00f4n l\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung \u76db\u548c\u4e2d, t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 T\u00e2y Xuy\u00ean \u897f\u5ddd. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t tr\u1ec5, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1866 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung b\u1ecb chia th\u00e0nh 2 th\u00f4n m\u1edbi: th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0 th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec. Sau khi chia c\u1eaft, \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1902, ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t (\u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edbi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u1edf b\u1edd t\u1ea3 v\u00e0m Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t m\u1edbi. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1972 (?), t\u00ean x\u00e3 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh Trung Nh\u1ee9t, t\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh Trung Nh\u1ee9t. Kho\u1ea3ng 1976, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng t\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0\u201d[5], t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi theo \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169 nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169\u201d. Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169 n\u00e0y to\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 (song song v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ed9 R\u1eaby (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tr\u1ed5 ra Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 91); trong ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 1 b\u00e0n th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n; 2 b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ti\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec1n: \u201cTi\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ecb\u201d \u524d\u8ce2\u4e3b\u5dff v\u00e0 \u201cTi\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec1n Cai Th\u1ecb\u201d \u524d\u8ce2\u8a72\u5dff; 1 b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ti\u00ean S\u01b0 v\u00e0 1 b\u00e0n th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi l\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1ecb n\u00e0o. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u An Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110i\u1ec1n (26 th\u00e1ng 4 \u00c2l) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u An H\u1ea1 \u0110i\u1ec1n c\u00f3 26 th\u00e1ng 11 \u00c2l) Ban Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng c\u00fang Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 2 v\u1ecb Ti\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec1n \u1edf ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169 1 \u0111\u1ea7u heo (c\u00fang Th\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 2 con v\u1ecbt quay (c\u00fang 2 v\u1ecb Ti\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb 1 con). V\u00ec \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee3 C\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1852 v\u00e0 v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 2 b\u00e0i v\u1ecb th\u1edd Ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec1n Cai Th\u1ecb n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u201cch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c\u201d (c\u0169) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1852.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n Annuaire de la Cochichine fran\u00e7aise pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1870 (Saigon, Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1869) ghi nh\u1eadn \u201cCho-tot-not\u201d l\u00e0 1 trong s\u1ed1 5 ch\u1ee3 [quan tr\u1ecdng] trong h\u1ea1t thanh tra Long Xuy\u00ean (Inspection de Long-xuyen) (p.192). \u201cCho-tot-not\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t\u201d[6]. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1ec5 l\u1eafm l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1869, ch\u1ee3 \u0111ang x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t t\u1eebng xem nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f5 \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1935-1965, do v\u1eady m\u00e0 trong d\u00e2n gian l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t c\u00f3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0i kh\u00e1n v\u00f5,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ee3 C\u1edd \u0110\u1ecf tuy nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5y em bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n anh ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 anh \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f5 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i em.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea1t thanh tra Long Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 27\/5\/1868, l\u1ef5 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee3 Long Xuy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1871-1874 \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t tham bi\u1ec7n Long Xuy\u00ean (Arrondissement de Long-xuyen), th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Long Xuy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1900 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh Long Xuy\u00ean (Province de Long-xuyen).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a P.J.B. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, trong Petit cours de g\u00e9ographie de la Basse-Cochinchine (1re \u00c9dition, Saigon, Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1875), trong [h\u1ea1t] Long Xuy\u00ean, ph\u00eda s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu (Fleuve Post\u00e9rieur) c\u00f3 3 con r\u1ea1ch, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u201cTh\u1ea5t-s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0 ou Th\u1ed1t-n\u1ed1t\u201d (tr.34) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t S\u01a1n hay Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 t\u00ean r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00ean qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng S\u1ec3n trong T\u1ef1 v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Mi\u1ec1n Nam (Nxb. Tr\u1ebb, 1999) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cR\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t: \u0111d., ch\u1eef g\u1ecdi Th\u1ea5t S\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0 (PCGBCTVK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u00e2u th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i l\u1ed1i 1875 c\u1ee7a Long Xuy\u00ean, v\u00f9ng Th\u1ea5t S\u01a1n B\u1ea3y N\u00fai, tr\u00ean H\u1eadu Giang, kh\u00fac r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t.\u201d (tr.508)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cTh\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t: \u0111d., m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t. An Giang (Long Xuy\u00ean c\u0169) NV. (nay thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 Me: ten\u00f4t, dom ten\u00f4t ho\u1eb7c thn\u00f4t: lo\u1ea1i d\u1eeba Borassus Flabellifer L. cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t. (c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1t l\u1ed1t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t ngang qua Tr\u00e0 m\u00f2n, mi\u1ebfu ch\u00f9a t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 vu\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n l\u1ec5 nghi. (c\u00e2u h\u00e1t c\u0169)[7].\u201d (tr.586)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ee5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng S\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u201cTh\u1ea5t-s\u01a1n\u201d trong \u201cTh\u1ea5t-s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0 ou Th\u1ed1t-n\u1ed1t\u201d in trong cu\u1ed1n Petit cours de g\u00e9ographie de la Basse-Cochinchine 1875 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3y N\u00fai\u201d n\u00ean c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o: \u201cR\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t\u2026. c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 thu thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed1i 1875 c\u1ee7a Long Xuy\u00ean, v\u00f9ng Th\u1ea5t S\u01a1n B\u1ea3y N\u00fai\u2026\u201d. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd vi\u1ebft \u201cTh\u1ed1t-s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch in sai th\u00e0nh \u201cTh\u1ea5t-s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0\u201d. \u201cTh\u1ed1t-s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 3 ch\u1eef \u201c\u79bf\u5c71\u6cb1\u201d trong \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u00f4n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1836 m\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ed1c S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m T\u1ef1 v\u1ecb, Tome II (Imprimerie Rey, Curiol & Cie, Saigon, 1896), m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u201c\u8aaa Th\u1ed1t\u201d c\u1ee7a Hu\u00ecnh T\u1ecbnh Paulus C\u1ee7a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c[Th\u1ed1t] n\u1ed1t: t\u00ean r\u1ea1ch \u1edf v\u1ec1 Long Xuy\u00ean\u201d. (S\u0111d, tr. 1027)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo Hu\u00ecnh T\u1ecbnh Paulus C\u1ee7a, th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 \u201cTh\u1ed1t\u201d trong \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111ang x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201c\u8aaa\u201d (\u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf, thuy\u1ebft\u2026, \u00e2m N\u00f4m l\u00e0 th\u00f3t, th\u1ed1t, thuy\u1ebft\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea7u Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t (Pont de Thotnot) b\u1eaft qua r\u1ea1ch Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, theo Victor Duvernoy trong cu\u1ed1n Monographie de la Province de Longxuy\u00ean (Cochinchine) \u9f8d\u5ddd\u7701 (\u00c9ditions du Moniteur de l\u2019Indochine, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1924) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u s\u1eaft Eiffel nh\u00f3m 2, d\u00e0i 135 m\u00e9t, r\u1ed9ng 2,84 m\u00e9t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1899 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Tham bi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t Long Xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Barthouil de Taillac, t\u1ea1i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 19,009 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh s\u1ed1 39 (nay l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 91). Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1970-1971, c\u1ea7u s\u1eaft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen mi\u1ec7ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea7u s\u1eaft\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kinh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1i B\u00e9 (Le canal de Thotnot \u00e0 Caib\u00e9), theo Victor Duvernoy trong s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e0o n\u0103m 1908, d\u00e0i 38 km, r\u1ed9ng 24 m, s\u00e2u 4,4 m (\u0111o\u1ea1n trong t\u1ec9nh Long Xuy\u00ean d\u00e0i 13,5 km, ngang qua 2 l\u00e0ng Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec v\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fa)[8]. (p.11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, theo Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh T\u01b0, trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam B\u1ed9 (Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, 2008) th\u00ec qu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917 (tr.1172). Nh\u01b0ng theo Victor Duvernoy trong cu\u1ed1n Monographie de la Province de Longxuy\u00ean n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u201cCirconscription de Th\u00f4tn\u00f4t\u201d (Qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909 (xin xem nguy\u00ean v\u0103n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u201cCirconscription de Th\u00f4t-n\u00f4t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed1n Annuaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Indochine, Partie Administrative, 1911 (Hanoi-Haiphong, Imprimerie d\u2019Extr\u00eam-Orient, 1911, p.312). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1909 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ec5 l\u1eafm l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1911 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m 1917 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh T\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t g\u1ed3m 2 t\u1ed5ng, 15 l\u00e0ng: – T\u1ed5ng An Ph\u00fa b\u00ean b\u1edd tr\u00e1i s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu g\u1ed3m 7 l\u00e0ng: An Ho\u00e0, B\u00ecnh Ninh, B\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ecbnh Y\u00ean, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n Th\u1ea1nh Trung; – T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9 \u1edf b\u1edd ph\u1ea3i s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu g\u1ed3m 8 l\u00e0ng: Th\u1ea1nh An, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t, T\u00e2n H\u01b0ng, T\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn, T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1953, t\u1ed5ng An Ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn L\u1ea5p V\u00f2 m\u1edbi l\u1eadp c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Long Xuy\u00ean, qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9[9].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau n\u0103m 1956, hai t\u1ec9nh Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Long Xuy\u00ean h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh An Giang. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh An Giang. Sau ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975, qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh H\u1eadu Giang. Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2004, huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2009, huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t g\u1ed3m 9 ph\u01b0\u1eddng: Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn, Thu\u1eadn An, Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, Trung Nh\u1ee9t, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0, Trung Ki\u00ean v\u00e0 Trung Th\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba danh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Victor Duvernoy s\u00e1ch n\u00eau tr\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cLa Circonscription de Th\u00f4tn\u00f4t, cr\u00e9e en 1909, tire son nom du centre de Th\u00f4tn\u00f4t (\u79bf\u788c) qui \u00e9tait, \u00e0 l\u2019origine, une agglom\u00e9ration cambodgienne. Le nom \u201cTh\u00f4tn\u00f4t\u201d, prononciation d\u00e9natur\u00e9e, vient des mots cambogiens \u201cSrok Nok\u201d (\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u1780) qui signifient \u201cpays de l\u2019ancien mandarin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autrefois, pour d\u00e9signer cette localit\u00e9, les Annamites disaient \u2013 et certains le disent encore \u2013 \u201cTh\u00f4c-n\u00f4c\u201d, prononciation plus voisine de la prononciation cambodgienne. C\u2019est la transcription de ces mots en caract\u00e8res chinois, qui donne la prononciation actuelle.\u201d (tr.78) – https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k58483061\/f90.highres<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t (\u79bf \u788c), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Campuchia. C\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cTh\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m m\u00e9o m\u00f3, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng Campuchia \u201cSrok Nok\u201d (\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u1780) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cx\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi x\u01b0a\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam n\u00f3i – v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u00f3i – Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Campuchia. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec phi\u00ean \u00e2m sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo Victor Duvernoy, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba danh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Khmer l\u00e0 \u201cSrok Nok\u201d, h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i tr\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 sau do phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u79bf\u788c n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t. V\u00ec \u201cSrok\u201d l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u201cNok\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb quan cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba danh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t (h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u201cSrok Nok\u201d, theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Victor Duvernoy 1924.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u201cTen\u00f4t, dom ten\u00f4t ho\u1eb7c thn\u00f4t: lo\u1ea1i d\u1eeba Borassus Flabellifer L. cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t. (c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ed1t l\u1ed1t), theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed5ng S\u1ec3n 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong hai \u201cthuy\u1ebft\u201d tr\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn thuy\u1ebft (1) v\u00ec \u201cTh\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c\u201d g\u1ea7n \u00e2m \u201cSrok Nok\u201d \u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u1780 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u201cTen\u00f4t\/ Thn\u00f4t\u201d \u178f\u17d2\u1793\u17c4\u178f v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e2y \u201cten\u00f4t\/ thn\u00f4t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u201cth\u1ed1t l\u1ed1t\u201d. Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9, trong C\u00e2y c\u1ecf mi\u1ec1n Nam, Quy\u1ec3n III (Nxb Tr\u1ebb, n\u0103m 200) c\u0169ng ghi t\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc Borassus Flabellifer L l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2y th\u1ed1t l\u1ed1t\u201d. (tr.401). Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u00ean \u1ea5p \u201cTh\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t\u201d (thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Ng\u0169 L\u1ea1c, huy\u1ec7n Duy\u00ean H\u1ea3i, Tr\u00e0 Vinh) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u201cTen\u00f4t\/ Thn\u00f4t\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Khmer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ————–<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] N\u1ed1c\/ N\u00f3c: R\u1ea1ch Tr\u00e0 N\u00f3c, trong Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed (Quy\u1ec3n 7) ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 \u201c\u8336\u8844\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] C\u00f9 lao C\u00e1t: Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebft sai th\u00e0nh \u201cC\u00f9 lao C\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] Theo \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u00f4n Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn \u6cf0\u9806 (t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Xuy\u00ean, ph\u1ee7 Tuy Bi\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh An Giang) l\u1eadp n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 17 (1836) do th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ng\u00f4 V\u0103n Qu\u1ea3ng \u5433\u6587\u5ee3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch m\u1ee5c L\u00ea V\u0103n Tuy\u00ean \u9ece\u6587\u5ba3 \u0111\u1ed3ng khai b\u1ea9m, th\u00ec th\u00f4n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 3 x\u1ee9: x\u1ee9 Nhu\u1eadn \u1ed0c \u0110\u00e0 H\u1eefu Ng\u1ea1n \u6f64\u5c4b\u6cb1\u53f3\u5cb8, x\u1ee9 Nhu\u1eadn \u1ed0c \u0110\u00e0 T\u1ea3 Ng\u1ea1n \u6f64\u5c4b\u6cb1\u5de6\u5cb8 v\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Th\u1edbi Th\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u6cf0\u76db\u6d32\u4e0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh T\u01b0 trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam B\u1ed9 (Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia 2008) cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00e2n L\u1ed9c.- X\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c h.Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t t.H\u1eadu Giang t\u1eeb sau 30-4-1975.\u201d (tr.1022). C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110o\u00e0n V\u0103n N\u00f4 th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n: \u201c\u2026t\u00ean g\u1ecdi T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\/1989 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp 2 x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y v\u00e0 T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c sau 14 n\u0103m m\u1edbi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau n\u0103m 1975 l\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp li\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] Trong \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1ee9c ho\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 4 ch\u1eef \u201c\u76db\u548c\u4e2d\u6751\u201d (Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung th\u00f4n) v\u00e0 S\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ban cho \u897f\u5ddd\u7e23\u76db\u548c\u4e2d\u6751 (T\u00e2y Xuy\u00ean huy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung th\u00f4n). C\u00f3 nh\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4n\u201d \u5927\u6751 (th\u00f4n l\u1edbn) l\u00e0 x\u00e3, \u201ctrung th\u00f4n\u201d \u4e2d\u6751 (th\u00f4n v\u1eeba) l\u00e0 th\u00f4n, ti\u1ec3u th\u00f4n\u201d \u5c0f\u6751 (th\u00f4n nh\u1ecf) l\u00e0 l\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u1ea5p. Do l\u1ebd n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ban Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u \u201c\u76db\u548c\u4e2d\u6751\u201d (Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung th\u00f4n) l\u00e0 th\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u76db\u548c\u5edf\u201d (Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 mi\u1ebfu). C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edb tr\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2009, qu\u1eadn Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] Ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cth\u201d b\u1ecb vi\u1ebft sai th\u00e0nh \u201ct\u201d: P.J.B. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, trong Petit cours de g\u00e9ographie de la Basse-Cochinchine vi\u1ebft sai \u201cTho\u1ea1i-s\u01a1n\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cTo\u1ea1i-s\u01a1n\u201d (p.31)<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] C\u00e2u h\u00e1t c\u0169: Trong Nam-K\u1ef3 phong t\u1ee5c nh\u01a1n v\u1eadt di\u1ec5n ca, Cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai (Saigon, Ph\u00e1t-To\u00e0n, Libraire-Imprimeur, 1909) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Li\u00ean Phong c\u00f3 2 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y (xin ch\u00e9p nguy\u00ean v\u0103n): \u201cTh\u1ed1t-n\u1ed1t ngang qua Tra-m\u00f2n, Mi\u1ec3u-ch\u00f9a t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 vu\u00f4n tr\u00f2n l\u1ec3-nghi.\u201d (tr.87).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8] Kinh Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t \u0111i C\u00e1i B\u00e9 (R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1): tr\u00ean trang 11, Victor Duvernoy ghi r\u1ed9ng (Largeur) 24 m, s\u00e2u (Profondeur) 4,4 m; nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean trang 79 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng 32 m, s\u00e2u 5 m (largeur 32 m\u00e8tres, profondeur 5 m\u00e8tres).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9] T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9: Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh T\u01b0, trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba danh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Nam B\u1ed9 (Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, 2008) cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9 – T\u1ed5ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1t tht.Long Xuy\u00ean t\u1eeb sau 1867 do chia \u0111\u00f4i tg.\u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h.V\u0129nh \u0110\u1ecbnh, p.Ba<\/a> Xuy\u00ean g\u1ed3m 6 th\u00f4n: T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c T\u00e2y, Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn, T\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec.\u201d (tr.355). Nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 1869-1871 g\u1ed3m g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4n Th\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u1ee9t, Th\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0 Trung Nh\u00ec, T\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea1t thanh tra Long Xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f4n T\u00e2n L\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1edbi h\u1ea1t thanh C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tran Kong<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u1eedi th\u1ea7y C\u00e1 V\u00e0ng<\/a> . \u1ea4p Th\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i “La Bang” l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 L\u1ea1c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh Khmer n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c t\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Minh L\u00ea<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 hai t\u1eeb TH\u1ed0T L\u1ed0T, v\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t”, do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba danh TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Qu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a TP. C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do B\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00f4i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf r\u1ea1ch B\u1eb1ng L\u0103ng, thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1eadn TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T, <\/a>nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe B\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y TH\u1ed0T L\u1ed0T, tr\u00e1i Th\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t, b\u00e1nh b\u00f2 Th\u1ed1t L\u1ed1t,…ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 “Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t”. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Qu\u1eadn m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac B\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ed1c N\u1ed1c…<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean Qu\u1eadn l\u00e0 TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Khmer l\u00e0 c\u00e2y Th’not. Song trong d\u00e2n gian, t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y TH\u1ed0T L\u1ed0T.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau 75, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n gian n\u00e0y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T l\u00e0 t\u00ean Qu\u1eadn, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 CHU\u1ea8N, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y TH\u1ed0T L\u1ed0T l\u00e0…”TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u1ecdi c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng theo t\u00ean Qu\u1eadn l\u00e0…TH\u1ed0T N\u1ed0T ! C\u00e1 V\u00e0ng<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00ea H\u1eadu<\/a> N\u00d4K trong Dictionnaire cambodgien-fran\u00e7ais 1902 c\u1ee7a J.B. Bernard https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k932766m\/f256.item<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u00ean r\u1ea1ch, t\u00ean c\u1ea7u, t\u00ean ch\u1ee3, t\u00ean c\u00f9 lao, t\u00ean qu\u1eadn, t\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, t\u00ean huy\u1ec7n, t\u00ean ph\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed (quy\u1ec3n 7) c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Quang \u0110\u1ecbnh, Phan \u0110\u0103ng d\u1ecbch (Nxb Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, 2005) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-th","tag-cao-van-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/scontent.fsgn19-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t39.30808-6\/422979783_7483181985039770_5012966336820730005_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=WD2Yau527gEQ7kNvgEMcVcJ&_nc_ht=scontent.fsgn19-1.fna&oh=00_AYA9DaulY8ZUV7ti42rh1Ij7RXV388pV6SZR4sTcs__Gug&oe=66873327\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/scontent.fsgn19-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t39.30808-6\/422851938_7483447788346523_2312063601557998193_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=q0K3dTPsgOYQ7kNvgHVh084&_nc_ht=scontent.fsgn19-1.fna&oh=00_AYDzdAOPCcNb99berUrpV_eGRSpV63Ifn9iBG9Iwom-WQA&oe=66870FA9\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/scontent.fsgn19-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t39.30808-6\/421672195_7484810598210242_5977850449954374216_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=JjTdBLhX6SkQ7kNvgH5IzpT&_nc_ht=scontent.fsgn19-1.fna&oh=00_AYDU2LVbKq-D-bM71K2xfDORIQvX17O-EykWTIDSD1R0nQ&oe=66873876\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/scontent.fsgn19-1.fna.fbcdn.net\/v\/t39.30808-6\/422837119_24677207391927447_4420869756206147241_n.jpg?stp=cp6_dst-jpg&_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=bd9a62&_nc_ohc=qKL3RWujOdMQ7kNvgHbpdo5&_nc_ht=scontent.fsgn19-1.fna&oh=00_AYCw7Bk5RcaFkLpen2kXwxfSi33zo6sZQUpkTn4qpiCwFA&oe=66872BE6\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\ud83d\ude25\"](\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t91\/1\/16\/1f625.png\")
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