{"id":516,"date":"2024-06-30T21:33:43","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T14:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diadanhkhmer.wordpress.com\/?p=516"},"modified":"2024-06-30T21:33:43","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T14:33:43","slug":"bat-cay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/2024\/06\/30\/bat-cay\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00c1T & C\u1ea0Y"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed 1820 (Quy\u1ec3n 4) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng (Nxb Nxb T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p Tp. HCM, 2019) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00e1t\u201d \u6252 v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea1y\u201d \ud84a\udf44:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: C\u00e1 V\u00e0ng<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ca.vang.777\/posts\/pfbid02fyvU3ujBbV3saJTed7WoQmXBdEQCt62Upf5UBD9DMj4WFU5245LKBSGZX7Gvv98il\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1ede Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ghe thuy\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ch\u1ee3, th\u0103m b\u00e0 con, ch\u1edf g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7i \u0111i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. Ghe thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadt s\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1m n\u1ed1i \u0111u\u00f4i nhau, cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u1ee5ng nhau b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng r\u1ed3i \u0111i ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ai ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 x\u1eed \u0111o\u00e1n cho \u0111\u00fang l\u1ebd. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 quan \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Tham m\u01b0u \u0110\u1ed3n Dinh l\u00e0 Nghi Bi\u1ec1u h\u1ea7u [Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh] c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh, r\u1eb1ng ghe thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 thu\u1eadn hay ngh\u1ecbch, khi g\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4 b\u00e1t (t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi ghe \u0111i ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea1y, \u0111i ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1t) th\u00ec ghe m\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i, ghe kia c\u0169ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn l\u00e1i cho d\u1ec5 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nhau. N\u1ebfu ghe n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f4 b\u00e1t m\u00e0 ghe kia c\u00f2n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng nhau l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, th\u00ec l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ghe kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kia. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ee5c, th\u00ec x\u00e9t ghe n\u00e0o ch\u1edf nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i thu\u1eadn d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eeba th\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y mau, th\u00ec ghe \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Cho n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ghe mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u00f4 ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1t; c\u00f2n khi h\u00f4 c\u1ea1y, l\u00e0 l\u00fac ghe thuy\u1ec1n c\u1eb7p b\u1ebfn m\u00e0 g\u1eb7p gi\u00f3 hay m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u00ec th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u00f4 c\u1ea1y, n\u00ean \u00edt khi h\u00f4 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111i ghe.\u201d (tr.497, 498).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed 1820, t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi ghe \u0111i ph\u00eda tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea1y, \u0111i ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t (\u201ct\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft c\u1ea1y, h\u1eefu h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft b\u00e1t\u201d \u53f3\u884c\u66f0\u6252, \u5de6\u884c\u66f0\u6252) v\u00e0 Nghi Bi\u1ec3u h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh t\u1eebng ban l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng, khi hai ghe thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4 \u201cb\u00e1t\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng l\u00e1i ghe thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Nghi Bi\u1ec3u h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh, trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed 1820 (Quy\u1ec3n 3) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQu\u00fd D\u1eadu, n\u0103m th\u1ee9 16 [1753] (L\u00ea Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 14, \u0110\u1ea1i Thanh C\u00e0n Long th\u1ee9 18), m\u00f9a \u0111\u00ecnh sai Cai \u0111\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t, K\u00fd l\u1ee5c Nghi Bi\u1ec3u h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh l\u00e0m Tham m\u01b0u, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 5 dinh: B\u00ecnh Khang, B\u00ecnh Th\u1eadn, Tr\u1ea5n Bi\u00ean, Phi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 Long H\u1ed3 (ch\u1ee9c \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y) \u0111i kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t Cao Mi\u00ean, quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf x\u1ee9 B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9, l\u1eadp dinh tr\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3n Dinh (nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 \u0110i\u1ec1u Khi\u1ec3n), k\u00e9n binh luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, t\u00ednh k\u1ebf m\u1edf mang.\u201d (tr.290).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 \u201cb\u00e1t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nghi Bi\u1ec3u h\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n C\u01b0 Trinh ban h\u00e0nh s\u1edbm l\u1eafm l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m Qu\u00fd D\u1eadu 1753.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ecba danh \u201cNg\u1ea3 B\u00e1t\u201d & \u201cNg\u1ea3 C\u1ea1y\u201d (https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ca.vang.777\/posts\/7287899001234737<\/a>) ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hu\u00ecnh T\u1ecbnh Paulus C\u1ee7a trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m T\u1ef1 V\u1ecb 1895 (Quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t) v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb B\u00c1T \u634c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb C\u1ea0Y \ud84a\udf44 n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin ghi l\u1ea1i \u00fd ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau: B\u00e1t l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i tay m\u1eb7t, C\u1ea1y l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i qua tay tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u1eeb B\u00c1T v\u00e0 t\u1eeb C\u1ea0Y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ef7 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Alexandre de Rhodes ghi nh\u1eadn T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t B\u1ed3 La 1851 (Dictionarium Annamiticum – Lusitanum \u2013 Latinum 1651) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cb\u00e1t: bombordo; latus dextrum nauis\u201d (tr.30).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cc\u1ea1y: Vivar o leme a eflibordo; gubecnaculum ad finiferam flectere.\u201d (tr.80)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bombordo: ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e1o Nha, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i con thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latus dextrum nauis: ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i con thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vivar o leme a eflibordo: ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nh\u00e0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xoay b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i sang tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gubecnaculum ad finiferam flectere: ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quay b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111u\u00f4i thuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La Tinh n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Google d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eddi t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00e0o B\u00c1T v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201cbombordo\u201d (b\u00ean tr\u00e1i con thuy\u1ec1n) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201clatus dextrum nauis\u201d (b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i con thuy\u1ec1n)? C\u00f2n l\u1eddi t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb C\u1ea0Y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mong qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ed9 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes v\u1ec1 2 t\u1eeb B\u00c1T v\u00e0 C\u1ea0Y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n. Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1m \u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng S\u1ea7m<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Ch\u00e2u Th\u00e0nh, H\u1eadu Giang c\u00f3 kinh Ng\u00e3 B\u00e1t, kinh Ng\u00e3 C\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y em b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e2u c\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch h\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (tr\u00e2u hi\u1ec3u). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 TH\u00c1 (qu\u1eb9o tr\u00e1i), D\u00cd (qu\u1eb9o ph\u1ea3i), D\u00d2 (d\u1eebng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1 V\u00e0ng<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed8T CH\u00c8O M\u0168I & C\u1ed8T CH\u00c8O L\u00c1I<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u1ea7m th\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ghe 1 ch\u00e8o (1 l\u00e1i): c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o l\u00e1i (c\u1ecdc ch\u00e8o b\u00e1nh) \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– <\/a>Ghe 2 ch\u00e8o (1 m\u0169i, 1 l\u00e1i): c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o m\u0169i \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o l\u00e1i \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ghe 3 ch\u00e8o (2 m\u0169i, 1 l\u00e1i): c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o g\u1ea7n m\u0169i nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o l\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ch\u00e8o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean Hu\u00ecnh T\u1ecbnh Paulus C\u1ee7a, trong \u0110\u1ea1i Nam qu\u1ea5c \u00e2m t\u1ef1 v\u1ecb 1895, m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cC\u1ea1y b\u00e1t: Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e8o ghe, khi\u1ebfn \u0111i qua TAY M\u1eb6T, HAY L\u00c0 B\u00caN C\u1eccC CH\u00c8O M\u0168I, th\u00ec k\u00eau l\u00e0 b\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u00ean ph\u00eda TAY TR\u00c1I HAY L\u00c0 B\u00caN C\u1eccC CH\u00c8O B\u00c1NH, th\u00ec k\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1ea1y.\u201d (tr.40)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1 V\u00e0ng<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghe 3 ch\u00e8o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng ch\u00ed 1820 (Quy\u1ec3n 4) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng Qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng (Nxb Nxb T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p Tp. HCM, 2019) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00e1t\u201d \u6252 v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea1y\u201d \ud84a\udf44:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-b","category-c","tag-cao-van-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.nguoianphu.com\/diadanh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}